天下兴亡，匹夫有责
天下的兴盛与衰亡，即便是普通百姓也有义不容辞的责任。源于明末清初著名思想家顾炎武所说“保天下者，匹夫之贱，与有责焉耳矣”。“天下”在古代多指天子统治或名义下的中国全部疆域，而顾炎武提出“天下”与“国”是完全不同的概念：“国”仅代表帝王一家一姓，而“天下”所代表的则是整个中华民族及中华文明的统系。
SurvivalofaNationIstheResponsibilityofEveryIndividual
Theviewthatordinarypeoplealsoshareresponsibilityforthefateofthecountry,originatedwiththefamouslateMingandearlyQingDynastythinkerGuYanwu.Hestatedthattherulerandhisofficialswereinchargeofthestateapparatus,butguardingallunderheavenwastheresponsibilityofeveryindividual,nomatterhowlowlytheymaybe.Inpre-modernChina,/"allunderheaven/"referredtothewholeterritoryofChinaruledeitherdirectlyornominallybytheSonofHeaven.The/"state/"mentionedbyGuYanwu,however,meantsomethingentirelydifferent:the/"state/"onlyreferstooneimperialhouse,while/"allunderheaven/"referstothewholeoftheChinesenationandChinesecivilization.
引例易姓改号，谓之亡国；仁义充塞，而至于率兽食人，人将相食，谓之亡天下……保国者，其君其臣、肉食者谋之；保天下者，匹夫之贱，与有责焉耳矣。（顾炎武《日知录》卷十三“正始”）（换姓改朝，叫作“亡国”；而仁义道德得不到发扬，以至于统治者像率领野兽吃人一样残害百姓，百姓也相互残害，叫作“亡天下”……保卫国家政权，是帝王将相及达官贵人的职责；而捍卫天下，即便是地位卑微的普通百姓，也有责任。）
Whenonedynastyisreplacedbyanother,itmeansthestateoftheolddynastyperishes.Whenbenevolenceandrighteousnessareobstructedtothepointthatthepowerfulleadotherstoexploitpeopleandpeoplefighteachother,itmeansallunderheavenperishes...Safeguardingthestateistheconcernofrulers,ministers,andofficials;whilesafeguardingallunderheavenistheresponsibilityofeveryindividual,nomatterhowlowlytheymaybe.(GuYanwu:RecordsofDailyStudy)
来源：中国青年报
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